 Randers,
the main city in Randers municipality on the Jutland peninsula in
central Denmark. It is Denmark's 6th largest city with a population of
55,739 (2004). Randers is Denmark's only natural river harbour, and it is situated on the banks of the River Guden (or Gudenå in Danish). Running eastwards from the city, the River transforms itself into Randers Fjord about 20 miles from the mouth to Kattegat, and 111 miles west-northwest of Copenhagen. This location has had great significance for the town as a sea merchant area up through the ages. Barges on the Guden River and the Northern River (Nørreå) transported goods in to Randers from Silkeborg and Viborg for export, and in return came imported items. Vast agricultural area, good transportation possibilities by both land and water, all helped to make Randers a dynamic center for trade and commerce. Known for the many access roads leading into the city, it has engendered the popular saying, "Where the waterway meets 13 highways" ("Hvor søvejen møder de 13 landeveje"). Randers is referred to as capitol of Crown Jutland (Kronjylland) and the people as Crown Jutes (Kronjyder), probably due to the big estates, i.e. the estates owned by the Crown, the King. The term Kronjyde was first used by Danish poets around 1750. Both Nicolai Grundtvig (1783-1872) and Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875), and especially Nobel Prize laureate Henrik Pontoppidan (1857-1943), who was born in Randers, used the term. |
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The Old City Hall |
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History of Randers in short termsRanders was established around the 1100s, but there has also been discovered evidence of population from Viking times. Canute IV of Denmark (ca. 1043-1086), also known as Canute the Saint and Canute the Holy, minted coins in the town. The peasants who rose up against him and his plans to attack England and its ruler, William the Conqueror, assembled in this town. Their uprising led to his death.
A chronicle written at Essenbæk Monestary (situated 5 miles east of Randers) tells of a fire that ravaged the city. The city was destroyed three times in the 1200s, including in 1246 when it was burned down by Abel of Denmark's troops during the civil uprising against Eric IV of Denmark. To the left is the house where Danish nobleman and national hero Niels Ebbesen, according to legend, killed Count Richard (Gerhard) III of Holstein on April 1, 1340 during the Kingless Times, when the entire country was pledged to German counts. The legend continues, that the open hatch you see under the
roofline is never to be closed. If it does, the evil spirit of the Count can't get out,
and will haunt the residents.
He was recognized as the first Danish Freedomfighter and a statue to his honor is erected in front of Randers' Old City Hall today. When King Valdemar IV of Denmark (Valdemar Atterdag) tried to assemble a government in 1350 after the mortgaging to the Holsteiners, the town was further reinforced with protection, and was often named as Randershus ("Randers Fortress"). This fortification was captured by dissatisfied nobility in 1357. In 1359 Valdemar attacked the captured city with the strength all of his forces. In 1534 a farmers uprising tried to storm the town unsuccessfully. Massive moats were set up around the town under the rule of King Christian III (1536-1559). During its peak there were alamost 170 merchants' estates in the area, and a sizeable navy that sailed around the world. Some of these old half-timbered estates and manor homes can still be seen in the town. According to "The Popular Encyclopedia or Conversation Lexicon", Blackie & Son c 1890, it contained at that time an arsenal, a classical school with six professors, and had several industrial establishments, including manufactures of gloves, for which it had long been famous. The town was also known for salmon, rope, and pretty women. The harbour near the town had only 7½ feet of water, but there was a good shipyard; and at some distance below, at the mouth of the fjord, there was another harbour with 9 to 10 feet water, and roads with good anchorage in 4 to 5 fathoms. Randers was important militarily, and could encamp from 10,000 to 15,000 men in the town and its neighbourhood, in a position which could not easily be forced. Population in 1880: 13,457. |
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Church of Sct.
Morten( 1494 )
AttractionsRanders Rainforest is Northern Europe's largest artificial rainforest, featuring about 350 different kinds of plants and more than 175 species of animals, many of which roam free under its three geodesic domes: the South America Dome, the Africa Dome, and the Asia Dome. Additionally there are areas called "The Snake Garden" and the Aquarium. The organisation has been involved in the restoration of local wetlands in Vorup Meadow (Vorup Enge), a large nearby area on the southwestern side of the Guden River. The Elvis Presley museum, called "Elvis Unlimited", is described as being "Second to Graceland", and the only one of its kind outside the United States.
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The town was fortressed throughout much of
the Middel Ages. Today, however, the only sign of defensive walls is the
evidence of their existence in street names. These streets follow a circular
path, presumably following the location of the historic walls. Street names
include Østervold ("Eastern Defense Wall), Nørreport ("Northern
Gate"), Vestervold ("Western Defense Wall), and Lille Voldgade
(Little Defense Wall Street").
This
action led to further insurrection against the Germans. 